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                <h2 id="常用命令"><a href="#常用命令" class="headerlink" title="常用命令"></a>常用命令</h2><h3 id="stack"><a href="#stack" class="headerlink" title="stack"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/stack.html">stack</a></h3><p>输出当前方法被调用的调用路径。很多时候我们都知道一个方法被执行，但是有很多地方调用了它，你并不知道是谁调用了它，此时你需要的是stack命令。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">stack com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService getOne<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="jad"><a href="#jad" class="headerlink" title="jad"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/jad.html">jad</a></h3><p>反编译指定已加载类的源码。有时候，版本发布后，代码竟然没有执行，代码是最新的吗，这时可以使用jad反编译相应的class。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">jad cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>仅编译指定的方法</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">jad cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController getOrderInfo<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="sc"><a href="#sc" class="headerlink" title="sc"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/sc.html">sc</a></h3><p>“Search-Class”的简写，查看JVM已加载的类信息有的时候，你只记得类的部分关键词，你可以用sc获取完整名称,当你碰到这个错的时候“ClassNotFoundException”或者“ClassDefNotFoundException”，你可以用这个命令验证下是否已加载。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">sc *OrderController*
<span class="token comment"># 打印类的详细信息sc -d</span>
sc <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="sm"><a href="#sm" class="headerlink" title="sm"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/sm.html">sm</a></h3><p>sm(“Search-Method”)，查看已加载类的方法信息。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># 查看String里的方法</span>
sm java.lang.String
<span class="token comment"># 查看String中toString的详细信息</span>
sm <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> java.lang.String toString<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="watch"><a href="#watch" class="headerlink" title="watch"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/watch.html">watch</a></h3><p>可以监测一个方法的入参和返回值。使用方法：<code>watch 类名 方法名 &quot;&#123;params,returnObj,throwExp&#125;&quot; -e -b  -x 2</code>观察方法出参，返回值。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>-b在方法调用之前观察<br>-e在方法异常之后观察<br>-s在方法返回之后观察<br>-f在方法结束之后(正常返回和异常返回)观察，默认选项<br>-x指定输出结果的遍历深度,默认为1</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># 观察getOrderInfo的出参和返回值，出参就是方法结束后的入参</span>
<span class="token function">watch</span> cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController getOrderInfo <span class="token string">"&#123;params,returnObj&#125;"</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-x</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
<span class="token comment"># 观察getOrderInfo的入参和返回值</span>
<span class="token function">watch</span> cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController getOrderInfo <span class="token string">"&#123;params,returnObj&#125;"</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-x</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="trace"><a href="#trace" class="headerlink" title="trace"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/trace.html">trace</a></h3><p><code>类名 方法名 &#39;#cost &gt; 10&#39;</code>查看某个类的某个方法执行多长时间(加后面参数只会展示耗时大于10ms的调用路径)。输出方法内部调用路径，和路径上每个节点的耗时，可以通过这个命令，查看哪些方法耗性能，从而找出导致性能缺陷的代码，这个耗时还包含了arthas执行的时间。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># 输出getOrderInfo的调用路径</span>
trace <span class="token parameter variable">-j</span> cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController getOrderInfo
<span class="token comment"># 输出getOrderInfo的调用路径，且cost大于10ms，-j是指过滤掉jdk中的方法，可以看到输出少了很多</span>
trace <span class="token parameter variable">-j</span> cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController getOrderInfo <span class="token string">'#cost > 10'</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="jobs"><a href="#jobs" class="headerlink" title="jobs"></a>jobs</h3><p>执行后台异步任务,线上有些问题是偶然发生的，这时就需要使用异步任务，把信息写入文件。使用&amp;指定命令去后台运行，使用&gt;将结果重写到日志文件，以trace为例</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">trace <span class="token parameter variable">-j</span> cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController getOrderInfo <span class="token operator">></span> test.out <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>

<span class="token comment"># jobs 列出所有job</span>
<span class="token function">jobs</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>异步执行时间，默认为1天，如果要修改，使用options命令</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># options可选参数1d,2h,3m,25s，分别代表天、小时、分、秒</span>
options job-timeout 2d<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>kill强制终止任务</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">kill</span> <span class="token number">76</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="logger"><a href="#logger" class="headerlink" title="logger"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/logger.html">logger</a></h3><p>查看logger信息，更新logger level</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># 查看</span>
logger
<span class="token comment"># 更新日志级别</span>
logger <span class="token parameter variable">--name</span> ROOT <span class="token parameter variable">--level</span> debug
<span class="token comment"># 如果执行这个命令时出错：update logger level fail.指定classLoaderHash重试一下试试</span>
logger <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> 18b4aac2 <span class="token parameter variable">--name</span> ROOT <span class="token parameter variable">--level</span> debug<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="dashboard"><a href="#dashboard" class="headerlink" title="dashboard"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/dashboard.html">dashboard</a></h3><p>查看当前系统的实时数据面板,这个命令可以全局的查看jvm运行状态，比如内存和cpu占用情况</p>
<p>ID: Java级别的线程ID，注意这个ID不能跟jstack中的nativeID一一对应我们可以通过thread id查看线程的堆栈信息</p>
<p>NAME: 线程名</p>
<p>GROUP: 线程组名</p>
<p>PRIORITY: 线程优先级,1~10之间的数字，越大表示优先级越高</p>
<p>STATE: 线程的状态</p>
<p>CPU%: 线程消耗的cpu占比，采样100ms，将所有线程在这100ms内的cpu使用量求和，再算出每个线程的cpu使用占比。</p>
<p>TIME: 线程运行总时间，数据格式为分：秒</p>
<p>INTERRUPTED: 线程当前的中断位状态</p>
<p>DAEMON: 是否是daemon线程</p>
<h3 id="redefine"><a href="#redefine" class="headerlink" title="redefine"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/redefine.html">redefine</a></h3><p>redefine jvm已加载的类，可以在不重启项目的情况下，热更新类。这个功能真的很强大，但是命令不一定会成功.下面我们来模拟：假设我想修改OrderController里的某几行代码，然后热更新至jvm：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>反编译OrderController，默认情况下，反编译结果里会带有ClassLoader信息，通过–source-only选项，可以只打印源代码。方便和mc&#x2F;redefine命令结合使用</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">jad --source-only cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController <span class="token operator">></span> OrderController.java<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>生成的OrderController.java在哪呢，执行pwd就知道在哪个目录了</p>
</li>
<li><p>查找加载OrderController的ClassLoader</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">sc <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> cn.test.mobile.controller.order.OrderController <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">grep</span> classLoaderHash
<span class="token comment"># 18b4aac2</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>修改保存好OrderController.java之后，使用mc(Memory Compiler)命令来编译成字节码，并且通过-c参数指定ClassLoader</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">mc</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> 18b4aac2 OrderController.java <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> ./<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>热更新刚才修改后的代码</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">redefine <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> 18b4aac2 OrderController.class<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>然后代码就更新成功了。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：<br>redefine的class不能修改、添加、删除类的field和method，包括方法参数、方法名称及返回值<br>redefine后的原来的类不能恢复，redefine有可能失败（比如增加了新的field），参考jdk本身的文档<br>reset命令对redefine的类无效。如果想重置，需要redefine原始的字节码。<br>redefine命令和jad&#x2F;watch&#x2F;trace&#x2F;monitor&#x2F;tt等命令会冲突。执行完redefine之后，如果再执行上面提到的命令，则会把redefine的字节码重置。原因是jdk本身redefine和Retransform是不同的机制，同时使用两种机制来更新字节码，只有最后修改的会生效。<br>正在跑的函数，没有退出不能生效<br>推荐使用<code>retransform</code>命令</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="retransform"><a href="#retransform" class="headerlink" title="retransform"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/retransform.html">retransform</a></h3><p>加载外部的.class文件，retransform jvm已加载的类。使用参考如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">retransform /tmp/Test.class
retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span> <span class="token comment"># 查看retransform entry</span>
retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> <span class="token number">1</span>                    <span class="token comment"># delete retransform entry</span>
retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--deleteAll</span>             <span class="token comment"># delete all retransform entries</span>
retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--classPattern</span> demo.*   <span class="token comment"># triger retransform classes</span>
retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> 327a647b /tmp/Test.class /tmp/Test<span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token variable">$Inner</span>.class
retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--classLoaderClass</span> <span class="token string">'sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader'</span> /tmp/Test.class<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<ul>
<li>retransform指定的.class文件</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ retransform /tmp/MathGame.class
retransform success, size: <span class="token number">1</span>, classes:
demo.MathGame<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>加载指定的.class文件，然后解析出class name，再retransform jvm中已加载的对应的类。每加载一个.class文件，则会记录一个retransform entry.如果多次执行retransform加载同一个class文件，则会有多条retransform entry.</p>
<ul>
<li>查看retransform entry</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span>
Id              ClassName       TransformCount  LoaderHash      LoaderClassName
<span class="token number">1</span>               demo.MathGame   <span class="token number">1</span>               null            null<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>ransformCount统计在ClassFileTransformer#transform函数里尝试返回entry对应的.class文件的次数，但并不表明transform一定成功</p>
<ul>
<li>删除指定retransform entry需要指定id：</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">retransform <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<ul>
<li>删除所有retransform entry</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--deleteAll</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<ul>
<li>显式触发retransform</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ retransform <span class="token parameter variable">--classPattern</span> demo.MathGame
retransform success, size: <span class="token number">1</span>, classes:
demo.MathGame<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<blockquote>
<p>注意：对于同一个类，当存在多个retransform entry时，如果显式触发retransform，则最后添加的entry生效(id最大的)。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>消除retransform的影响<br>如果对某个类执行retransform之后，想消除影响，则需要：</p>
<ol>
<li>删除这个类对应的retransform entry</li>
<li>重新触发retransform</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>提示<br>如果不清除掉所有的retransform entry，并重新触发retransform，则arthas stop时，retransform过的类仍然生效。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>结合jad&#x2F;mc命令使用</p>
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># jad命令反编译，然后可以用其它编译器，比如vim来修改源码</span>
jad --source-only com.example.demo.arthas.user.UserController <span class="token operator">></span> /tmp/UserController.java
<span class="token comment"># mc命令来内存编译修改过的代码</span>
<span class="token function">mc</span> /tmp/UserController.java <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> /tmp
<span class="token comment"># 用retransform命令加载新的字节码</span>
retransform /tmp/com/example/demo/arthas/user/UserController.class<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<ul>
<li><p>上传.class文件到服务器的技巧<br>使用mc命令来编译jad的反编译的代码有可能失败。可以在本地修改代码，编译好后再上传到服务器上。有的服务器不允许直接上传文件，可以使用base64命令来绕过。</p>
</li>
<li><p>retransform的限制</p>
<ol>
<li>不允许新增加field&#x2F;method</li>
<li>正在跑的函数，没有退出不能生效</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="thread"><a href="#thread" class="headerlink" title="thread"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/thread.html">thread</a></h3><p>使用thread命令可以查看线程的状态，显示的结果实际就是dashboard结果的第一栏。thread命令可以追加参数<br>id：可以查看指定线程id的堆栈信息<br>-n value：找出最忙的value个线程，并打印堆栈信息<br>-b：找出当前正在阻塞其他线程的线程<br>-i value：指定采样cpu占比的时间间隔，默认为100ms。</p>
<h3 id="cls"><a href="#cls" class="headerlink" title="cls"></a>cls</h3><p>清空当前屏幕内容</p>
<h3 id="退出arthas"><a href="#退出arthas" class="headerlink" title="退出arthas"></a>退出arthas</h3><p>quit或exit退出当前连接，完全退出使用stop(所有客户端连接都会退出)</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/quick-start.html">arthas官方文档</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="java程序cpu飙高如何排查"><a href="#java程序cpu飙高如何排查" class="headerlink" title="java程序cpu飙高如何排查"></a>java程序cpu飙高如何排查</h2><h3 id="方式一"><a href="#方式一" class="headerlink" title="方式一"></a>方式一</h3><ol>
<li><p>执行<code>top</code>命令，查看CPU占用情况，找到进程的pid</p>
</li>
<li><p>使用<code>top -Hp &lt;pid&gt;</code>命令（pid为Java进程的id号）查看该Java进程内所有线程的资源占用情况,找出负载高的线程，记录tid(thread pid)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>-H：这个选项会使top一行显示一个线程，而不是一行显示一个进程。<br>-p：这个选项后面通常会跟一个或多个进程ID（PID），表示只查看这些特定进程的信息。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><code>printf &#39;%x\n&#39; tid</code>命令（tid指线程的id号）将以上10进制的线程号转换为16进制nid</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>jstack -l pid &gt; ./jstack_result.log</code>采用jstack命令导出线程快照。</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>cat jstack_result.log | grep -A 200 &#39;nid=0x6a&#39;</code>根据线程号定位具体代码</p>
<blockquote>
<p>-A 200: 这个选项表示“after”，意思是显示匹配行后的200行</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="方式二"><a href="#方式二" class="headerlink" title="方式二"></a>方式二</h3><ol>
<li><code>top</code>命令找到占用CPU高的Java进程PID</li>
<li>根据进程ID找到占用CPU高的线程<code>ps -T -p pid -o tid,cmd | sort -r</code></li>
<li>将指定的线程ID输出为16进制格式<code>printf “%x\n” tid</code></li>
<li>根据16进制格式的线程ID查找线程堆栈信息<code>jstack pid |grep tid -A 50</code></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/TrLDaaxGupXpCxiEsvEeRw">CPU占用过高，死锁，内存泄漏处理方法</a></p>
</blockquote>

                
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